Types of production systems
There are three common types of basic production systems: the batch system, the continuous system, and the project system. In the continuous system, items to be processed flow through a series of steps, or operations, that are common to most other products being processed.Some of the important elements involved in the process of production planning and control in organization are: (a) Planning; (b) Routing; (c) Scheduling; (d) Despatching; (e) Checking the progress or follow-up and (f) Inspection.
Hence, we can say that, production system is a union or combination of its three main components viz., Inputs, Conversion Process, and Output. In short, everything which is done to produce goods and services or to achieve the production objective is called production system.
The production system has the following characteristics: Production is an organized activity, so every production system has an objective. The system transforms the various inputs to useful outputs. It does not operate in isolation from the other organization system.
The production process is concerned with transforming a range of inputs into those outputs that are required by the market. This involves two main sets of resources - the transforming resources, and the transformed resources. Any production process involves a series of links in a production chain.
The main objective of production management is to produce goods and services of the right quality, right quantity, at the right time and at minimum cost. It also tries to improve the efficiency. An efficient organization can face competition effectively.
Production management has a set of certain principles like economies, facility design, job design, schedule design, quality control, inventory control, work-study and cost, and budgetary control.
The very essence of any business is to cater needs of customer by providing services and goods, and in process create value for customers and solve their problems. Production and operations management talks about applying business organization and management concepts in creation of goods and services.
The factors of production are land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship.
Production methods fall into three main categories: job (one-off production), batch (multiple items, one step at a time for all items), and flow (multiple items, all steps in process at once for separate items).
The types of production system are grouped under two categories viz.,
- Intermittent production system, and.
- Continuous production system.
Mass (Flow) Production
Production is often continuous, and is suited to high demand, mass market products. Examples include cars, chocolate bars, and electronic goods.There are four basic layout types: process, product, hybrid, and fixed position. In this section we look at the basic characteristics of each of these types. Then we examine the details of designing some of the main types. Layouts that group resources based on similar processes or functions.
There are three main types of production to choose from:
- Job production, where items are made individually and each item is finished before the next one is started.
- Batch production, where groups of items are made together.
- Flow production, where identical, standardised items are produced on an assembly line.
There are three main levels of production:
- SUBSISTENCE PRODUCTION (TRADITIONAL PRODUCTION) When a country is producing at the subsistence level, it is producing the amount that is only able to meet its basic needs.
- DOMESTIC PRODUCTION (LOCAL PRODUCTION)
- THE EXPORT LEVEL OF PRODUCTION (SURPLUS PRODUCTION)
Definition: Production is the method of turning raw materials or inputs into finished goods or products in a manufacturing process. In other words, it means the creation of something from basic inputs.
The aim of production is to produce the goods and services to generate wealth that we want for ourselves. 1)Human capital;the knowledge and enterprise of human is needed to put together land,labour, and physical produce an output. 3)Land and other natural resources such as water,forest,and minerals.
Knowledge, entrepreneurship, labour, capital and land has described as factors of production needed in any economic system, so as to operate effectively.
Some of the common types of Management Information Systems include process control systems, human resource management systems, sales and marketing systems, inventory control systems, office automation systems, enterprise resource planning systems, accounting and finance systems and management reporting systems.
Most often they can be accessed through the graphical user interface of the operating system being used by double-clicking on an icon. Some of the most popular examples include word processors, spreadsheets, photo-editing programs, database programs, and accounting programs to name a few.
A marketing information system (MKIS) is a management information system (MIS) designed to support marketing decision making. Jobber (2007) defines it as a "system in which marketing data is formally gathered, stored, analysed and distributed to managers in accordance with their informational needs on a regular basis."
A Human Resources Information System (HRIS) is a software or online solution that is used for data entry, data tracking and the data information requirements of an organization's human resources (HR) management, payroll and bookkeeping operations. A HRIS is usually offered as a database.
MEANING ? “A functional information system is a system that provides detailed information for a specific type of activity or related group of activities, as well as summarized information for management control of such activities”.
A personal information system is defined as a system for supporting the acquisition, storage and retrieval of information by individuals. A computerized personal information system should also be integrated with other personal software, such as electronic mail and word-processing packages.
Production management means planning, organising, directing and controlling of production activities. Production management deals with converting raw materials into finished goods or products. It is also called "Production Function." Production management is slowly being replaced by operations management.
? A financial information system is a type of business software used to input, accumulate, and analyze financial and accounting data. 3. ? It produces reports such as accounting reports, cash flow statements, and financial statement. Financial management systems support financial managers in decisions concerning: 5.
Sales and marketing information systems help the firm with marketing business processes (identifying customers for the firm's products or services, developing products and services to meet their needs, promoting products and services) and sales processes (selling the products and services, taking orders, contacting
