IPython is an interactive command-line terminal for Python. IPython offers an enhanced read-eval-print loop (REPL) environment particularly well adapted to scientific computing. In other words, IPython is a powerful interface to the Python language.
“The Jupyter Notebook is an open-source web application that allows you to create and share documents that contain live code, equations, visualizations and explanatory text. Uses include: data cleaning and transformation, numerical simulation, statistical modeling, machine learning and much more.”
The widget is an interactive , a subclass of VBox , which is a container for other widgets. However, the widget instance returned by interactive also gives you access to the current keyword arguments and return value of the underlying Python function.
ipywidgets are interactive HTML widgets for Jupyter notebooks and the IPython kernel. Notebooks come alive when interactive widgets are used. Users gain control of their data and can visualize changes in the data.
Jupyter Notebook is an open-sourced web-based application which allows you to create and share documents containing live code, equations, visualisations, and narrative text. The IDE also includes data cleaning and transformation, numerical simulation, statistical modelling, data visualisation, and many others.
To launch Jupyter Notebook App:
- Click on spotlight, type terminal to open a terminal window.
- Enter the startup folder by typing cd /some_folder_name .
- Type jupyter notebook to launch the Jupyter Notebook App The notebook interface will appear in a new browser window or tab.
IPython (Interactive Python) is a command shell for interactive computing in multiple programming languages, originally developed for the Python programming language, that offers introspection, rich media, shell syntax, tab completion, and history.
Basic GUI Application
- from tkinter import * window=Tk() # add widgets here window.title('Hello Python') window.geometry("300x200+10+20") window.mainloop()
- Example: Button. Copy.
- Example: Label. Copy.
- Example: Create Widgets. Copy.
- Example: Selection Widgets. Copy.
- Example: Even Binding. Copy.
- Example: Copy.
Create a new Jupyter notebook document in a language of your choice. Insert markdown and code into the notebook. Run the cells to generate text, plots, widgets, etc. Select either Grid Layout or Report Layout in the Dashboard View toolbar.
Bases: IPython.core.display.DisplayObject. Create an audio object. When this object is returned by an input cell or passed to the display function, it will result in Audio controls being displayed in the frontend (only works in the notebook).
Use the following installation steps:
- Download Anaconda. We recommend downloading Anaconda's latest Python 3 version (currently Python 3.7).
- Install the version of Anaconda which you downloaded, following the instructions on the download page.
- Congratulations, you have installed Jupyter Notebook. To run the notebook:
Installing Anaconda on Windows
- Steps: Visit
- Visit the Anaconda downloads page. Go to the following link:
- Select Windows. Select Windows where the three operating systems are listed.
- Download.
- Open and run the installer.
- Open the Anaconda Prompt from the Windows start menu.
"To come" is a printing and journalism reference, commonly abbreviated to "TK". It is used to signify that additional material will be added at a later date. TK as an abbreviation may originally have come into use because very few words feature this letter combination.
mainloop(): There is a method known by the name mainloop() is used when your application is ready to run. mainloop() is an infinite loop used to run the application, wait for an event to occur and process the event as long as the window is not closed.
Python is good for GUI Development. Python has different libraries used for developing graphical user interfaces (GUIs). Tkinter is the standard GUI library of Python. When Python is combined with Tkinter, it provides fast and easy way to create GUI.
Python offers multiple options for developing GUI (Graphical User Interface). Out of all the GUI methods, tkinter is the most commonly used method. It is a standard Python interface to the Tk GUI toolkit shipped with Python. Python with tkinter is the fastest and easiest way to create the GUI applications.
That is the real difference between the two: Tkinter widgets are more configurable, and ttk is more modern and it is configurable with styles which are really handy shortcuts. And Tkinter is like the core of the window and ttk is styling.
root = Tk() The root window is created. The root window is a main application window in our programs. It has a title bar and borders. These are provided by the window manager.
The 6 Best Python GUI Frameworks for Developers
- Kivy. Kivy is an OpenGL ES 2 accelerated framework for the creation of new user interfaces.
- PyQT. PyQT is one of the favoured cross-platform Python bindings implementing the Qt library for the Qt (owned by Nokia) application development framework.
- Tkinter.
- WxPython.
- PyGUI.
- PySide.
Using Tkinter Widgets in Python
- Tkinter in Python comes with a lot of good widgets.
- A Label widget shows text to the user.
- A Button can be on and off.
- An Entry widget gets text input from the user.
- A Radiobutton lets you put buttons together, so that only one of them can be clicked.
- You can display a Radiobutton without the dot indicator.
tkinter Installation or Setup
- For Python 3. sudo apt-get install python3-tk.
- For Python 2.7. sudo apt-get install python-tk.
- Verifying Installation. To verify if you have successfully installed Tkinter, open your Python console and type the following command: import tkinter as tk # for Python 3 version.
Python Tkinter Entry. The Entry widget is used to provde the single line text-box to the user to accept a value from the user. We can use the Entry widget to accept the text strings from the user. It can only be used for one line of text from the user.
StringVar() is a class from tkinter. It's used so that you can easily monitor changes to tkinter variables if they occur through the example code provided: def callback(*args): print "variable changed!" var = StringVar() var. trace("w", callback) var.
To get Tkinter input from the text box, you must add a few more attributes to the normal . get() function. If we have a text box myText_Box , then this is the method for retrieving its input. The first part, "1.0" means that the input should be read from line one, character zero (ie: the very first character).
The Entry widget is used to accept single-line text strings from a user.
- If you want to display multiple lines of text that can be edited, then you should use the Text widget.
- If you want to display one or more lines of text that cannot be modified by the user, then you should use the Label widget.
Writing user-defined functions in Python
- Step 1: Declare the function with the keyword def followed by the function name.
- Step 2: Write the arguments inside the opening and closing parentheses of the function, and end the declaration with a colon.
- Step 3: Add the program statements to be executed.
Label widgets can display one or more lines of text in the same style, or a bitmap or image. To create a label widget in a root window or frame parent : w = tk.
The
messagebox module is used to display the
message boxes in the
python applications.
All the functions are used with the same syntax but have the specific functionalities.
- showinfo()
- showwarning()
- showerror()
- askquestion()
- askokcancel()
- askyesno()
- askretrycancel()
The Label is used to specify the container box where we can place the text or images. This widget is used to provide the message to the user about other widgets used in the python application. There are the various options which can be specified to configure the text or the part of the text shown in the Label.
Tkinter Programming
- Import the Tkinter module.
- Create the GUI application main window.
- Add one or more of the above-mentioned widgets to the GUI application.
- Enter the main event loop to take action against each event triggered by the user.
