List by last names and initials; commas separate author names. After the first 19 authors' names, use an ellipsis in place of the remaining author names. Then, end with the final author's name (do not place an ampersand before it). There should be no more than twenty names in the citation in total.
Basic format to reference a book
- Author or authors. The surname is followed by first initials.
- Year.
- Title (in italics).
- Edition.
- Publisher.
- Place of Publication.
To write the the name of an article title in the body of your paper:
- The title of the article should be in quotation marks - Example: "Tiger Woman on Wall Street"
- Capitalize all the major words.
All text on the title page, and throughout your paper, should be double-spaced. The author's name (your name): beneath the title, type the author's name: first name, middle initial(s), and last name. Do not use titles (Dr.) or degrees (Ph. D).
Introduce the quote with a signal phrase that includes the author's last name followed by the date of publication in parentheses and put the page number at the end of the quotation. The citation is part of the sentence and the punctuation will come after the citation.
Treat the Initials as Representing a First and Last NameIn this case, use the initials in your prose or in your in-text citation and invert the initials in the works-cited-list entry. List the entry under the last initial. Among other anti-Pamelists is J– W–, author of Pamela; or, The Fair Imposter.
When using APA format, follow the author-date method of in-text citation. This means that the author's last name and the year of publication for the source should appear in the text, like, for example, (Jones, 1998). One complete reference for each source should appear in the reference list at the end of the paper.
Harvard referencing uses an author–date system. Sources are cited by the author's last name and the publication year in brackets.
- author. (Smith, 2014) Smith, T. ( 2014) …
- authors. (Smith and Jones, 2014) Smith, T. and Jones, F. ( 2014) …
- authors.
A Harvard reference list must:
- Be on a separate sheet at the end of the document.
- Be organised alphabetically by author, unless there is no author then it is ordered by the source title, excluding articles such as a, an or the.
- Be double spaced: there should be a full, blank line of space between each line of text.
Traditionally, the first letters of their first, last and middle name are used, in that order. For couples, if they share their last name, the last name remains in the middle with the initials of their first names on the left and right side.
When referencing foreign language material where the information is written in Chinese, Japanese and Thai, you should transliterate (not translate) the details into the English alphabet, and include the original author names and the title of the source as the example shows. Your reference: Yan, Y. ???.
The APA Style format for author names in reference list entries is to provide the author's surname(s) followed by the initials of their given name(s). Example: Lee, C. L. (2017).
Harvard style referencing is an author/date method. Sources are cited within the body of your assignment by giving the name of the author(s) followed by the date of publication. All other details about the publication are given in the list of references or bibliography at the end.
This general rule in-text citation or in the reference list is to start with the author's surname or family name. In Western names, the surname is the last name element. However, Chinese names, the surname is the first element. In some other Asian names, there are no surname elements.
The First Name is also your given name, the name given to you by your parents at birth. The Initial is normally used for the middle names, and you write them as initials rather than the actual name. The Last Name is also your surname or family name, the name of your clan or affiliated family.
In-Text Citations:
- Citations are placed in the context of discussion using the author's last name and date of publication.
- When a work has no identified author, cite in text the first few words of the article title using double quotation marks, “headline- style” capitalization, and the year.
In et al., et should not be followed by a period. Only "al" should be followed by a period. Since et al. is plural, it should always be a substitute for more than one name. In the case that et al. would stand in for just one author, write the author's name instead.
In subsequent citations, only use the first author's last name followed by "et al." in the signal phrase or in parentheses. In et al., et should not be followed by a period. Six or More Authors: Use the first author's name followed by et al. in the signal phrase or in parentheses.
When a book has two authors, order the authors in the same way they are presented in the book. Start by listing the first name that appears on the book in last name, first name format; subsequent author names appear in normal order (first name last name format). Gillespie, Paula, and Neal Lerner.
Book with Three to Five Authors or EditorsNOTE: The in-text citation for works with three or more authors is shortened to the first author's name followed by et al. and the year. References: Author Surname, First Initial.
Multiple Authors
- 2 Authors: Always cite both authors' names in-text everytime you reference them. Example: Johnson and Smith (2009) found
- 6 or More Authors: If a document has six or more authors, simply provide the last name of the first author with "et al." from the first citation to the last. Example: Thomas et al.
More Than Seven AuthorsList by last names and initials; commas separate author names. After the sixth author's name, use an ellipsis in place of the author names. Then provide the final author name. There should be no more than seven names.
Book with Two AuthorsSecond Initial., & Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Book title: Subtitle.
APA in-text citations with multiple authorsIf there are three or more authors, only include the first author's last name followed by “et al.”, meaning “and others”. Group authors known by their abbreviations (e.g., CDC) are written in full the first time and are abbreviated in subsequent citations.
The term “al.” is an abbreviation of “alii” and, the entire phrase “et al.” always follows at least one person's name, job position, or title. With that said, “et al.” replaces author names in endnotes, footnotes, and in-text citations; however, it is NOT used in reference lists!
